Maritime Theatre at Hadrian's Villa

2D – 1:100 scale plan

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One of the most interesting and complex areas of Hadrian's Villa is the so-called Teatro Marittimo, whose name was attributed, as early as the 700th century, for the frieze with a marine subject that decorated the trabeation of the portico.

The purchasable drawings allow you to delve deeper into the dimensional study of the elements, to retrace the secrets of their reciprocal metric relationships. Creativity, inventiveness, originality are the peculiar characteristics of this project from which you can learn how the alternation of straight and curved lines can generate particular spatial and scenographic effects.

The entire Hadrian's Villa is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List and the Maritime Theatre constitutes its heart and most intimate essence and, at the same time, the richest in plastic and spatial values.

As can be seen in the plan of the dwg drawing, it is a system with a circular and concentric plan that has an artificial island in the center surrounded by running waters in which the emperor could indulge in a few swims.
The outermost band consisted of a portico covered by a ring-shaped barrel vault with 40 trabeated Ionic columns from which one could access the islet (45 m in diameter) with two swing bridges. On the islet there was a very original single-storey domus, in which the spaces were divided into concavities and convexities, taking up the theme of the curved surfaces already used for the domus Flavia and the domus Augustana on the Palatine, but in this case the curved surfaces multiplied their effects with the mobility of the reflections in the water, generating even more spectacular results.
The construction of the domus, entirely based on spaces with unusual and original shapes, consisted of the traditional layout with atrium, courtyard, portico, tablinium, cubicula, private baths and, in the resulting rooms, latrines. In fact, following the path from North to South there was a rectangular pronaos, of which only the bases of the columns remain today, one continued through an atrium with rectangular niches on each side and, following the axis, there were the moorings of the two movable bridges. Continuing there were two lateral fauces (entrances) with a curved and colonnaded portico which constituted the definitive and intimate access to the domus, in the centre there was a garden and, in line with the atrium, the tablinium with two symmetrical service rooms. On the east side there were two cruciform cubicula. To the west there were private baths with the symmetrical tiepidarium and calidarium, with the frigidarium in the centre. From the frigidarium, a few steps led to the circular canal (euripus) that surrounded the islet and was used by the emperor Hadrian as a natatio, swimming pool.

All this marvel of environments, although limited in the space of the islet of 45 meters in diameter, represented a small part compared to the 120 hectares of space destined for the villa, but they were the fulcrum of the entire construction. In this space the volumes had effects of mobility, they gave the sense of infinite space and, at the same time, of the intimacy to which the concentricity of the constitutive matrix of the spaces recalled and continually attracted towards the center. But access was forbidden, inaccessibility was guaranteed by the two mobile bridges and the domus represented a secluded residence that could have the function of a think tank, a place of meditation or where one could take refuge away from prying eyes.
Author: Prof. Francesca Ferraro

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