Retaining walls

I retaining walls In construction, they are structures designed to support land, roads, buildings or other surfaces on inclined terrain or slopes.

Classification
Retaining walls can be distinguished based on their positioning or the static principle with which they resist:

– Sub-river walls or undershoe, which support an artifact.
– Retaining walls, which support the lands above the artifact.

The walls can also be embedded or double-reinforced.

Materials
The materials with which retaining walls can be built are: brick masonry, non-reinforced concrete masonry, reinforced concrete, gabions.

Static principle

– Gravity walls, that is, wall elements of adequate dimensions which base their stability on the particular robustness of the structure and on its weight.
– Buttress walls, in which the buttresses work on a vertical plane, taking on the thrust of the earth, and the wall panel works by inflection in horizontal planes, with the main function of containing the earth.
– Cantilever walls, or slender wall elements, with particularly large foundations (in order to create the interlocking at the foot) in which the wall performs both functions, of support and containment.

By their nature, gravity walls may be made of unreinforced concrete and may sometimes incorporate large stone elements, in order to achieve a certain economic saving. The other two types of walls must instead provide, at least for the wall panel, subject to bending stresses, a sufficient amount of reinforcement.
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In this category there are dwg files useful for design: sections of retaining walls of different construction types and materials; reinforced concrete retaining walls with various graphic examples of reinforcements; natural stone retaining walls.
Wide selection of files for all designer needs.