Greek architecture

The major works of Greek architecture

Greek architecture is characterized by a distinctive elegance and symmetry, which greatly influenced the development of Western architecture. Divided into three main styles – Doric, Ionic and Corinthian – Greek architecture was predominantly used for the construction of temples, theaters and other public structures. Here is a brief summary of the main elements of Greek architecture:

1. Architectural orders:
   • Doric: It is the oldest and most sober of the Greek architectural orders.
     It is recognized by its sturdy, baseless columns, with fluted shafts and simple capitals (echinus and abacus). The frieze alternates triglyphs and metopes, giving it a severe and balanced appearance.
   • Ionic: The columns have a base, a thinner shaft, and a capital with lateral volutes. The architrave is articulated, and the frieze is often continuous and decorated, creating a more refined and dynamic effect.
   • Corinthian: The Corinthian style is the richest and most decorative of the classical orders. The columns are slender, with bases and elaborate capitals adorned with acanthus leaves.
     It conveys a sense of elegance and pomp, especially popular in the Hellenistic and Roman ages.
2. Entasis of the columns: Greek columns have a slight swelling towards the centre (entasis), compensating for the optical illusion of concavity.
3. Pediments and tympanums: Greek temples feature decorated triangular pediments, known as tympanums, with sculptures depicting mythological scenes or religious symbols.
4. Trabeation: The horizontal part above the columns is called the entablature and includes the architrave, the frieze and the cornice.
5. Symmetry and proportions: Greek architecture is characterized by rigorous symmetry and mathematical proportions, often based on the golden section.
6. Open spaces: Greek buildings favored open, harmonious spaces, such as porticos and colonnades, which allowed the building to blend into its surroundings.
7. Theatre: Greek theaters, such as the Theater at Epidaurus, were built to maximize acoustics and visibility for the audience.

Greek architecture has had a lasting impact on the history of architecture, influencing subsequent styles and remaining a source of inspiration for many generations of architects.