Artificial biological lakes

I organic artificial lakes They are artificially constructed bodies of water that mimic natural processes to maintain a balanced and sustainable ecosystem. Often used to create aesthetically pleasing environments or to treat wastewater through phytoremediation, these ponds can be an integral part of gardens, parks, or residential areas.

Main features of organic artificial ponds:

Natural purificationOrganic ponds use aquatic plants and microorganisms to keep the water clean, without the need for chemicals or artificial filtration systems.
Aquatic plants play a crucial role. They absorb dissolved nutrients in the water, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, which would otherwise encourage algae growth. Plant roots create an ideal environment for bacteria, which break down organic matter and toxic compounds.
Nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria that naturally grow in the pond convert toxic substances like ammonia and nitrites into less harmful compounds. This process occurs primarily in the substrate (such as sand, gravel, or rocks) and between the roots of plants.
In some parts of the pond, solid particles in the water tend to settle to the bottom, contributing to water clarification. The bottom itself can be designed to facilitate this process, aiding the removal of impurities and sediment.

Waterproofing is a crucial technical element:

• cloths in EPDM or reinforced PVC
• protective layer in geotextile or sand
• absence of rigid concrete structures, which are not very compatible with natural systems

The choice of materials directly affects the durability and flexibility of the reservoir.

Wetland or bioretention areaThis is a shallow part of the pond, where emergent plants such as rushes, reeds, and other aquatic species grow. These plants not only improve water quality, but also provide oxygen and habitat for organisms that contribute to water purification.

Natural oxygenationSome aquatic plants release oxygen directly into the water through their root systems, maintaining adequate dissolved oxygen levels to support the life of aerobic bacteria and other organisms.
A slight movement of the water promotes oxygenation and prevents stagnation:

• small waterfalls
• natural streams
• low-consumption pumps

The movement must be constant but delicate, consistent with the idea of ​​a natural basin.

Low maintenanceThanks to natural processes, maintenance is reduced. The plants themselves help filter the water and prevent the accumulation of algae and other impurities.

Integration with the environmentDesigned to resemble natural lakes, they blend harmoniously into the landscape, promoting biodiversity. They attract wildlife such as dragonflies, amphibians, birds, and small mammals, contributing to a healthier and more vibrant environment.

Recreational and ornamental useThey can be designed for recreational purposes, such as natural swimming pools, or simply as decorative elements that add beauty and tranquility to an outdoor space.

Filtration zones and aquatic plantsPlants such as reeds, rushes, water lilies, and other aquatic plants are essential. Their roots act as a natural filter, capturing organic matter, heavy metals, and other impurities in the water.

How to design a biological artificial pond:

Dimensions and depthThe size depends on the use (ornamental, recreational, or depurative). It is usually designed with zones of varying depths to accommodate a variety of plants and organisms.

Phytoremediation areaIn one section of the pond, a dedicated area for purifying plants is created. This area can be separated from the swimming area or made deeper to maximize purification efficiency.

Natural substrateThe base of the pond can be made of materials such as gravel or sand, which facilitate the natural filtration process.

Biological stability is directly proportional to correct articulation of depths:

• Low areas (20–40 cm): dedicated to marsh plants
• Intermediate zones (40–80 cm): area of ​​biological equilibrium
• Deep areas (over 100 cm): cooler water, less algal growth

Le irregular shapes, inspired by nature, favor landscape integration and increase the usable surface area for vegetation.

Advantages:

Environmental sustainabilityThey do not use chemicals and respect natural water cycles.
Creating microhabitatsThey promote biodiversity and can become refuges for various animal and plant species.
Natural aestheticsThey offer a landscape that imitates natural environments, with clear water and lush vegetation.

The artificial biological lake represents a synthesis between landscape architecture, ecology and technical design.
It is not a standardizable element, but a system that must be designed in relation to the context, the climate and the use of space.