Specific weights

Building materials table. Density is the mass per unit volume (kg/m³), while specific gravity is the weight per unit volume (kN/m³) and depends on the acceleration of gravity.

Density and specific weight tables of some materials

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29 June 2023

Density and specific weight of some materials

Density is the mass per unit volume (kg/m³), while specific gravity is the weight per unit volume (kN/m³) and depends on the acceleration of gravity. The density and specific gravity of a material can vary with temperature and pressure, so these figures are approximate and may be subject to slight variations in actual conditions.

The following table shows the value of the density (more properly “density”) in kg/m³ and the specific weight in N/m³ of some materials. To obtain the value of the specific weight in N/m³, simply multiply the value of the density by the gravitational acceleration constant, which in the case of the Earth’s gravitational field is approximately 9.81 m/s² (depending on the point on the Earth’s surface where is found, the conventional value has been set at 9.80665 m/s²).

In the following table, where not otherwise indicated, the term “water” means pure water (i.e. without substances dissolved in it, i.e. made up only of H2O molecules). In fact, the specific weight of water varies depending on the substances possibly dissolved in it.
The density values can also be read indifferently as grams per dm³.

MaterialeDensità (kg/m³)Peso specifico (N/m³)
Abete7006870
Acciaio786077110
Acqua a 0 °C999,89810
Acqua a 4 °C10009806
Acqua a 20 °C998,29790
Acqua di mare102510052
Acqua ossigenata146014320
Aerogel (fumo solido)1,918,64
Aerografite0,21,962
Alcool etilico7947786
Alcool metilico7987825
Alluminio2600-275025510-26980
Anidride carbonica1,9819,4
Argento10500102900
Arenaria, frantumata, sfusa185414813
Aria1,29312,68
Azoto (N2)1,25112,27
Balsa (legno)1601570
Basalto2800-295027470-28940
Basalto frantumato, sfuso196019228
Bauxite, Caolino, sfusa142013930
Benzina700-7206867-7063
Calcare frantumato, depositato154015107
Calcestruzzo2200-260021580-25510
Carta9709516
Cellulosa150014710
Cenere9008830
Cera (paraffina)9509320
Cera d’api958-9709398-9516
Cemento Portland315030901
Corpo umano104010202
Diamante355034820
Elio0,1791,76
Ferro788077300
Gesso230022560
Gesso frantumato, depositato181017756
Ghiaccio a 0 °C9179000
Granito2500-285024520-27960
Granito frantumato, depositato166016285
Grasso corporeo9008829
Idrogeno (H2)0,0890,87
Iridio22610221800
Latte a 15 °C1029-103410090-10140
Marmo2500-280024520-27470
Mercurio13590133320
Nichel860084370
Nafta760-7907456-7750
Neve fresca100-200981-1962
Olio d’oliva9168990
Olio di semi9209020
Oro19250188840
Osmio22660222290
Ossigeno (O2)1,42914,02
Ottone8400-870082400-85350
Palladio12023117900
Petrolio8408240
Piombo11340111240
Platino21400209930
Polistirolo espanso20÷50196÷490
Porcellana240023540
Rame8890-893087210-87600
Salgemma220021580
Stagno728071420
Sughero200-3501962-3433
Talco2600-280025510-27470
Terra compattata¹1700-180016680-17660
Terra asciutta depositata151014815
Terra bagnata estratta160015700
Terra asciutta a matrice prevalentemente argillosa, ghiaiosa depositata142013930
Terra bagnata a matrice prevalentemente argillosa, ghiaiosa depositata154015110
Terra asciutta argillosa, depositata148014520
Terra asciutta sabbiosa, depositata142013930
Tetracloruro di carbonio159415631
Titanio487047770
Toluolo8708531
Tungsteno19250188840
Uranio19050186880
Vetro2400-270023540-26490
Zinco710069650

Specific gravity is defined as the weight of a sample of material divided by its volume.

In the International System the unit of measurement is N/m³.
The term specific weight is commonly used improperly as a synonym for density and for this reason it is often indicated as g/cm³ or kg/L or kg/dm³.

 Materiale
kg/dm³
Acciaio 7,85
Alluminio 2,60
Antimonio 6,70
Arenaria 2,30
Argento 10,50
Argilla 2,00 – 2,20
Argilla espansa 0,30 – 0,50
Asfalto 1,10 – 1,50
Benzina 0,70 – 0,75
Borace 1,75
Bronzo (7,9%) 7,40
Bronzo (14%) 8,90
Bronzo fosforoso 8,80
Calcestruzzo 2,00 – 2,50
Calcio 1,58
Caolino 2,20
Carbon fossile – massa 1,20 – 1,50
Carbon fossile – pezzi 0,80 – 0,95
Carbone Coke – pezzi 0,30 – 0,48
Carta 0,70 – 1,15
Catrame 1,20
Celluloide 1,40
Cellulosa 1,50
Cemento 1,40
Cenere 0,90
Cera 0,95
Cloruro di sodio 2,16
Creta 1,80 – 2,70
Cromo 6,60
Diamante 3,55
Ferro 7,85
Fosforo 1,83 – 2,19
Gasolio 0,80 – 0,85
Ghiaccio 0,90
Ghiaia 1,50 – 1,80
   
   
 Materiale
kg/dm³
Ghisa comune 7,10
Gomma 1,70 – 2,20
Granito 2,50 – 3,00
Grasso lubrificante 0,92 – 0,94
Legna ciocchi 0,30 – 0,40
Legno segati 0,60 – 1,10
Magnesio 1,75
Malta di calce 1,60 – 1,80
Marmo 2,50 – 2,80
Mercurio 13,59
Muratura mattoni pieni 1,50 – 1,65
Muratura mattoni forati 1,05 – 1,10
Muratura pietrame 2,25 – 2,45
Neve fresca 0,10 – 0,20
Nichel 8,60
Olio lubrificante 0,85 – 0,95
Oro 19,3
Ottone 8,40 – 8,70
Piombo 11,34
Polietilene AD 0,94 – 0,96
Polietilene BD 0,92 – 0,93
Polipropilene 0,90 – 0,96
Porcellana 2,40
PVC 1,37 – 1,45
Quarzo 2,50
Rame 8,89 – 8,93
Sabbia asciutta 1,40 – 1,60
Sabbia umida 1,90 – 2,10
Silice 1,80 – 2,00
Stagno 7,28
Sughero 0,20 – 0,35
Terra vegetale 1,70 – 1,80
Tungsteno 19,10
Vetro 2,40 – 2,70
Zinco 7,10
   
   

Specific weights of wood

  MATERIALE  PESO SPECIFICO (Kg/dm3)
 Essiccato  Verde
 Acero
053 – 0,80 0,83 – 1,05
 Abete bianco
0,37 – 0,75 0,77 – 1,23
 Abete rosso
0,35 – 0,74 0,40 – 1,07
 Acacia
0,58 – 0,86 0,75 – 1,00
 Betulla
0,51 – 0,77 0,80 – 1,09
 Bosso
0,91 – 1,16 1,20 – 1,26
 Carpino
0,62 – 0,82 0,92 – 1,25
 Cedro
0,57
 Ciliegio
0,76 – 0,84 1,05 – 1,18
 Ebano
1,26
 Faggio
0,68 – 0,97 0,85 – 1,12
 Frassino
0,57 – 0,94 0,70 – 1,14
 Ginepro
0,65 0,85
 Ippocastano
0,58
 Larice
0,44 – 0,80 0,81
 Leccio
0,71 – 1,07
 Melo
0,66 – 0,84 0,95 – 1,26
 Mogano
0,56 – 1,06
 Noce
0,44 – 0,68 0,91 – 0,92
 Olivo
0,85 1,10 – 1,15
 Olmo
0,56 – 0,82 0,78 – 1,18
 Ontano
0,42 – 0,68 0,63 – 1,01
 Pero
0,61 – 0,73 0,97 – 1,07
 Pino selvatico
0,32 – 0,76 0,38 – 1,08
 Pioppo
0,40 – 0,49 0,61 – 1,07
 Quercia
0,69 – 1,03 0,93 – 1,28
 Salice
0,49 – 0,59 0,79
 Sorbo
0,69 – 0,89 0,87 – 1,13
 Susino
0,68 – 0,90 0,87 – 1,17
 Teak
0,63
 Tiglio
0,32 – 0,59 0,58 – 0,87

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